The Pantheon of Agrippa in Rome: History and fascinating curiosities

M·AGRIPPA·L·F·COS·TERTIVM·FECIT reads the inscription on the frieze of its portico, which means: 'Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, consul for the third time, (built this),' but… did you know this isn't actually true?

The original temple, built in 27 BC, was indeed constructed by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. He was one of the most important Roman politicians, but he also dedicated part of his efforts to improving, renovating, and constructing various infrastructures and buildings in the city.

Thus, the Pantheon of Agrippa in Rome was built under Agrippa's supervision, but two fires, one in 80 AD and another in 110 AD, made it necessary to rebuild the building to its current form.

Even so, the inscription on the portico remained, which is why it is still commonly called the Pantheon of Agrippa. Additionally, it was rebuilt during the reign of Emperor Hadrian, who refused to have his name inscribed on the buildings he constructed.

It has the largest unreinforced concrete dome in history

The Pantheon of Agrippa in Rome boasts centuries of history, and to this day, it still holds the record for the largest unreinforced concrete dome in history. This means that the dome you will see when you purchase your ticket to visit the Pantheon in Rome has no steel framework inside.

This masterpiece has a diameter of 43.44 meters, which is also the maximum height of the dome. It is adorned with five rings, each with 28 coffers, culminating in a perfect oculus that is always open to the exterior and measures 9 meters in diameter.

This oculus is not merely a decorative element; it plays a very important role in keeping the dome standing for centuries: it reduces its weight. Roman architects and engineers left nothing to chance, as evidenced in this magnificent building.

What happens when it rains?

Now that you know the oculus of the Pantheon of Agrippa in Rome is always open, you might wonder what happens when it rains. Well… nothing happens! The monument remains open, as 22 small holes in the floor act as drains.

During your visit, you will notice small openings in the floor, which are not random. These are responsible for draining the rainwater that might fall inside the building.

And just as the Pantheon of Rome receives rain, it can also receive snow or sunlight. At noon during the summer solstice, the sunlight enters perpendicularly through the oculus, creating a spectacular sight!

It is the resting place of illustrious figures

The Pantheon of Agrippa in Rome serves as the final resting place for various illustrious figures from history in different fields of culture and politics. However, we will highlight two of the most notable tombs.

One of them belongs to the great Renaissance artist Raphael, known for works such as The Transfiguration and The Marriage of the Virgin. He was a prominent figure and was called upon to paint several rooms in the Apostolic Palace, now known as the Raphael Rooms, which showcase masterpieces like The School of Athens.

Another notable tomb you can find in the Pantheon of Rome is that of Victor Emmanuel II, the first king of Italy after unification. He is considered the Father of the Nation, as his tomb in the Pantheon proclaims.

It has been in use throughout its history

Lastly, but certainly not least, it is worth noting that since its creation, the Pantheon of Agrippa in Rome has always been in use. While it was originally, as its name suggests, a temple to honor all gods, it has been a church since the 7th century.

This Catholic church is still in use and is known as the “Basilica of St. Mary and the Martyrs.” Liturgies are still celebrated here, with Pentecost being one of the most anticipated days. During this celebration, thousands of red rose petals fall through the oculus into the Pantheon, symbolizing the tongues of fire of the Holy Spirit.

This is undoubtedly a unique and beautiful moment, but regardless of the day, visiting the Pantheon of Agrippa in Rome is an experience you cannot miss. Remember to book your visit in advance and arrive at the specified place and time with enough time to prepare for this spectacular visit.